While outdoor air pollution is partly caused by incipient industrialization, this represents a temporary tradeoff for the poor escaping hunger, infectious disease, and indoor air pollution to be better able to afford food, health care, and education. Air pollution 101 ucar center for science education. Assessing research output is an important step in highlighting national and international contribution and collaboration in a certain field. Review of solutions to global warming, air pollution, and. Exposure to outdoor air pollution and its humanrelated. Sources of air pollution sources of air pollution 1 include natural sources 2 and humanmade sources 3. Outdoor air pollutants emory department of pediatrics.
Sources of air pollution include gases such as ammonia, carbon monoxide, sulfur dioxide, nitrous oxides, methane and chlorofluorocarbons, particulates both organic and inorganic, and biological molecules. Recently, air pollution with particulate matters pm, especially those with less than 2. Jan 15, 2015 with the continual improvement in our quality of life, indoor air quality has become an important area of concern in the twentyfirst century. Asthma and outdoor air pollution, epa452f04002 author. Indoor and outdoor air pollution, and cardiovascular health. With the continual improvement in our quality of life, indoor air quality has become an important area of concern in the twentyfirst century. Air quality deteriorating in many of the worlds cities. Outdoor air pollution involves exposures that take place outside of. Air quality in cities is the result of a complex interaction between natural and anthropogenic environmental conditions. Less is known about the chronic effects of air pollution.
Air pollution comes from both natural and manmade anthropogenic sources. Air pollution contributes to climate change, hence air pollution. Other pollution sources include smoke from bushfires, windblown dust, and biogenic emissions from vegetation pollen and mould spores. Air pollution is a mix of particles and gases that can reach harmful concentrations both outside and indoors. Indoor air pollution environmental health student portal. Ozone, air quality, and asthma kidshealth from nemours information about air pollutants such as ground level ozone, and their health effects, including asthma. Indoor plus outdoor air pollution is the sixthleading cause of death, causing over 2. Air pollution reduces plant biodiversity and affects other ecosystem services, such as clean water, recreational activities and carbon storage.
This paper provides the insight view about the affects of environment pollution in the perspective of air pollution, water and land soil waste pollution on human by diseases and problems, animals and trees plants. It is caused by chemical reactions between pollutants derived from different sources, primarily automobile exhaust and industrial emissions. Pdf causes, consequences and control of air pollution. Ozone reacts chemically oxidizes with internal body tissues that it comes in contact with. Air pollution is the introduction into the atmosphere of chemicals, particulates, or biological materials that cause discomfort, disease, or death to humans, damage other living organisms such as. Assessment of the health effects of atmospheric sulfur oxides and particulate matter. Despite considerable air pollution prevention and control measures that have been put into practice in recent years, outdoor air pollution remains one of the most important risk factors for health outcomes. The association between outdoor air pollution and a variety of disease outcomes including asthma, cancer, and cardiovascular disease has been extensively investigated. Outdoor air pollution is a major threat to global public health that needs responsible participation of researchers at all levels. Burning of fossil fuels by motor vehicles including cars, buses and trucks and power plants including. Background emerging evidence suggests that air pollution may contribute to childhood asthma development. The weight of an air contaminant in a cubic meter of air 3mgm and the volume ratio ppm v, or just ppm are normally used. Begin by giving a little of the history of outdoor air pollution. Exposure to outdoor air pollution and its human health.
Thus, the effects of outdoor air pollution on the indoor environment depend on ventilation rate and the mixing ratios and lifetimes of outdoor air pollutants. Air pollution, facts and information national geographic. Natural sources naturally occurring particulate matter pm includes dust from the earths surface crustal material, sea salt in coastal areas and biological material, in the form of pollen, spores or plant and animal debris 1. Outdoor plus indoor air pollution from fossil fuels. This report projects an increase in the number of premature deaths due to outdoor air pollution from approximately 3 million people in 2010, in line with the latest global burden of disease estimates, to 69 million annually in 2060. Apr 17, 2015 in the united states, approximately 124 million people live in counties where pollution levels were higher than national air quality standards in 2010. However, globally humanmade pollutants from combustion, construction, mining, agriculture and warfare are increasingly significant in the air pollution equation. Air pollution is the name for the mixture of harmful particles and gases in the air around us that we breathe. Ozone o3 is a highly reactive gas that is a form of oxygen. They will participate in a handson demonstration to visually demonstrate that everyone has an. It may cause diseases, allergies and even death to humans. Outdoor air pollution and asthma pubmed central pmc. Open access brauer m et al exposure assessment for estimation of the global burden of disease attributable to outdoor air pollution. Cities are often centers of these types of activities, and many suffer from the effects of smog, especially during the warm months of the year.
Objectives outdoor air pollution is a serious environmental problem worldwide. Many studies have reported that annually outdoor air pollution causes more than 3 million premature deaths globally, more than 1 million of which are in china. This volume of the iarc monographs provides an evaluation of the carcinogenicity of outdoor air pollution outdoor air pollution is a complex mixture of pollutants originating from natural and anthropogenic sources, including transportation, power generation. Air pollution and illness ck12 provides reading, practice, and critical thinking, activities, and study guides on how indoor and outdoor air pollution affects human health cleaning the air teach engineering this lesson provides students an opportunity to work as engineers to remove particulate matter from the air.
Air pollution causes damage to human health, crops, ecosystems and cultural heritage the scientific data presented in this brochure have been collated by the working group on effects to support the revision of the 1999 protocol to abate acidification, eutrophication and. Outdoor air pollution and sperm quality rafael lafuente, b. Its effects can range from higher disease risks to rising temperatures. Concerns about potential public health problems due to indoor air pollution are based on evidence that urban residents typically spend more than 90 percent of their time indoors. Air pollution in cities is a serious environmental problem especially. Indoor air can be deadlier than outdoor air, research shows. The most dangerous consequences from outdoor air pollution are related to the number of premature deaths. Air pollution is produced by both human activity and naturally occurring events. The common sources of outdoor air pollution are emissions caused by combustion processes from motor vehicles, solid fuel burning and industry.
Indoor air quality is affected by many factors including the type and running conditions of indoor pollution sources, ventilation conditions, as well as indoor activities. Air pollution occurs when harmful or excessive quantities of substances are introduced into earths atmosphere. The economic consequences of outdoor air pollution en oecd. Commonly measured air pollutants include particulate matter pm2. They will participate in a handson demonstration to visually demonstrate that everyone has an impact on air pollution. Air pollution reduces the economic value of crops and leads to expensive cleaning of cultural heritage. For example, when outdoor o 3 is elevated, indoor cleaning using limonene may elevate soas, mainly organic nitrates, to 20. It results primarily from the action of sunlight on hydrocarbons and nitrogen oxides emitted in fuel combustion. Methods we combined countrylevel childhood incidence rates and pooled exposureresponse functions with childrens 114 years counts, and exposure. Methods we combined countrylevel childhood incidence rates and pooled exposureresponse functions with childrens 114 years counts, and. Air pollution and disease burden the lancet planetary health.
Air pollution poses serious impacts for human and ecological health, and influences climate change. Outdoor air pollution is a complex mixture of several pollutants. Outdoor air pollution is defined as the presence of one or more substances in the atmospheric air at concentrations and duration above the natural limits. The economic consequences of outdoor air pollution. Environment pollution is a widereaching problem and it is likely to influence the health of human populations is great. Outdoor pollution smog is a type of largescale outdoor pollution. Air pollution and illness ck12 provides reading, practice, and critical thinking, activities, and study guides on how indoor and outdoor air pollution affects human health helping to find a solution to air pollution. Millions of people worldwide are exposed to outdoor air pollution at levels that substantially exceed existing healthbased guidelines. Since a number of air pollutants are ubiquitous in the urban atmosphere, it has been difficult to ascertain the specific source responsible for the. In accord with the global burden of disease for 2010 ref. We estimated the burden of incident childhood asthma that may be attributable to outdoor no2, pm2. Exposure of infants to outdoor and indoor air pollution in.
Outdoor air pollution contributed more than 3% of the annual disabilityadjusted life years lost in the 2010 global burden of disease comparative risk assessment, a notable increase since the previous estimate was made in 2000. Outdoor air pollution causes substantial morbidity and mortality in canada. Studies revealed that the outdoor environment is also an important factor that. Such substances include ozone o3, airborne lead pb, carbon monoxide co, sulphur oxides sox and nitrogen oxides nox. In 1970, congress passed the clean air act that established national air pollutant standards for 6 criteria pollutants. Outdoor air pollution environmental health student portal. Air pollution 101 introduction students will gain background knowledge of the basic sources of air pollution, along with the overview of how air pollution affects our health and our environment.
Household air pollution hap, also known as indoor air pollution iap, is a serious area of concern in rural spaces, as majority of this population. Outdoor air pollution an overview sciencedirect topics. Design this evidence gap map egm is to identify existing gaps from srs and mas and report them in broad topic areas. Air pollution is a mixture of natural and manmade substances in the air we breathe. It can affect both the respiratory system exacerbating asthma and chronic obstructive. The health effects of trafficrelated air pollution, comprising a mixture of pollutants, is an area of recent research interest. Air pollution represents the biggest environmental risk to health. Outdoor air pollution national library of medicine information about outdoor air pollution, and links to medline plus, agencies, and hazardous chemicals. Indoor air pollution may be as much or more of a problem as pollution outdoors, according to new research. According to the calculations in this report, global air pollutionrelated healthcare costs are. Air pollution represents a considerable threat to health worldwide.
Therefore, the aim of this study was to analyze globallypublished literature in outdoor air pollution related. Indoor air pollution is potentially a very serious environmental and public health problem in india. Although official efforts to control air pollution have traditionally focused on outdoor air, it is now apparent that elevated contaminant concentrations are common inside some private and public buildings. Impacts of air pollution on human health, ecosystems and. In 2012, one out of every nine deaths was the result of air pollutionrelated conditions. Of those deaths, around 3 million are attributable solely to ambient outdoor air pollution.
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