This new base allowed the group to form alliances with other terrorist organizations throughout north africa and the. The jihadi threat united states institute of peace. Pdf al qaedas organizational structure and its evolution. Isis becomes the first al qaeda affiliate to go rogue. In their own words, al qaeda tells the western world why they are attacking western interests and what they want. Sep 11, 2001 osama bin laden, founder of the militant islamist organization al qaeda and mastermind of numerous terrorist attacks against the united states and other western powers, including the september 11, 2001, attacks on the world trade center in new york city and the pentagon near washington, d. Please email your completed paper to james walters through the u. Osama bin laden, founder of the militant islamist organization al qaeda and mastermind of numerous terrorist attacks against the united states and other western powers, including the september 11, 2001, attacks on the world trade center in new york city and the pentagon near washington, d. It was led and financed by osama bin laden, a radical sunni muslim. The al qaeda manual the attached manual was located by the manchester england metropolitan police during a search of an al qaeda members home. A case study william rosenau and alexander powell with contributions from pamela g.
Al qaeda does not seem to pose a significant cyber threat to the u. Al qaeda didirikan oleh dan dibentuk oleh osama bin laden, abdullah azzam, dan beberapa sukarelawan arab lainnya dengan tujuan menggalang kekuatan untuk mengusir uni soviet pada perang. The secret history of al qaeda s most powerful ally recounts the rise, fall, and resurgence of this overlooked terrorist organization and provides an intimate understanding of its connections with al qaeda. The manual was found in a computer file described as the military series related to the declaration of jihad. The witness revealed that al qaeda had a close working relationship with the aforementioned egyptian terrorist group known as egyptian islamic jihad. Aqy attacked the yemeni government and western targets in the country.
The fight against the enemy nearest to you has precedence over the fight. Before september 11, 2001, many americans knew little of al qaeda or its founder, osama bin laden. Drawing on unparalleled access to osama bin laden and his key associates, journalist abdel bari atwan gives an incisive and timely account. The witness recounted that bin laden and al qaeda were seeking to obtain nuclear and chemical weapons and that the organization engaged in sophisticated training. It provides a fascinating look into the history of spywork in the united states, from the days of the office of strategic services in 1942 to the turn of the century. And a senior alqaeda commander, muhammad atef, died in the. Although it is the most hunted terrorist group in history, the campaign of holy war unleashed by al qaeda is likely to outlive itself and the current generation of islamists. It is a stateless meaning without a country terrorist organization. Click download or read online button to get the secret history of al qaeda book now. Founded by osama bin laden in 1988 in afghanistan, alqaeda is now dedicated to driving the united states out of the middle east specifically and out of muslim countries generally, to destroying israel, and to toppling prowestern governments in. In april 2006, abdul rahman almuhajir and abu bakr alsuri, two of alqaedas top bomb makers pdf, were killed in pakistan. Understanding the decline and demise of terrorist campaigns. Nov 18, 2008 early history of alqaida volume 51 issue 4 r.
The history of terorism from antiquity to al qaeda offers a cleareyed, unsentimental and comprehensive look at terrorism. Shortly thereafter the united states declared aqap a major threat, greater than the al qaeda branches in afghanistan and iraq. The al qaeda network today also comprises semiautonomous or self radicalized actors, who often have only peripheral or ephemeral ties to either the core cadre in pakistan or affiliated groups elsewhere. The editors, gerard chaliand and arnaud blin, are also the major contributors to a series of wellwritten essays that trace the historical roots and the modern usage of terrorism. From 1991 to 1996, osama bin laden and other al qaeda leaders were based in sudan. The secret history of al qaeda download ebook pdf, epub. Ayman al zawahiri, its current leader, and his lieutenants have spent most of the past 25 years operating covertly and trying to evade the prying electronic eyes of western.
Alqaeda began as a logistical network to support muslims fighting against the soviet union during the afghan war. The true story of alqaedas demise and resurgence in syria. Just in the last six months december 2015 to june 2016, it has inspired or carried out the killing of more than 500 civilians in eleven countries beyond the. The role al qaeda plays in cyberterrorism small wars journal. Al qaeda has conducted operations and recruited members in africa. Facts about the terrorist network and its history of attacks.
The emergence of al qaeda in the arabian peninsula aqap. Al qaeda defector al fadl, who was a former member of qatar charity, testified in court that abdullah mohammed yusef, who served as qatar charitys director, was affiliated to al qaeda and simultaneously to the national islamic front, a political group that gave al qaeda leader osama bin laden harbor in sudan in the early 1990s. The secret history of al qaeda, updated edition atwan, abdel bari on. Alqaeda and the islamic state in comparative perspective. Al qaedas organizational structure and its evolution article pdf available in studies in conflict and terrorism 3312. Al qaeda in the arabian peninsula aqap is the union of al qaeda s branches in saudi arabia and yemen. Atwans outspoken londonbased newspaper al quds al arabi, of which he is editorinchief, has been the vehicle of choice for the release of many al qaeda electronic communiques. A comparative analysis of al qaeda and the islamic state is 5 the group has been linked to several high profile attacks. Al qaeda s financial network history and development. Although it is the most hunted terrorist group in history, the campaign of holy war unleashed by alqaeda is likely to outlive itself and the current generation of islamists.
Pdf the inner organizational structure of al qaeda within the expanded framework of the global jihad. In 2009, the group merged with its saudi counterpart under the umbrella of al qaeda in the arabian peninsula aqap. Aqap and aqim eulogize zawahiri deputy abu alkhayr almasri, site intelligence group, march 2, 2017. Experts believe that al qaeda s diverse statements contain calculated variations in tone and content that address or appeal to various target audiences. Berger international centre for counterterrorism the hague william braniff start consortium, university of maryland cole bunzel incepr ton univ ersity daniel byman brookings institution and georgetown university jennifer cafarella. Al qaeda, trends in terrorism and future potentialities. In 2009 the formation of aqap al qaeda in the arabian peninsula was announced, as a merger of the saudi and the yemeni branches of al qaeda. It then turns to an analysis of the broader global jihadist movement al qaeda and affiliated or associated terrorist groups or groups that may not be formally part of the al qaeda network but that have assimilated its worldview and concept of masscasualty terrorist attacks. The secret history of al qaeda, updated edition by abdel bari. In the early 1990s, al qaeda moved its headquarters from afghanistan to sudan. Four months later, gspc rebrands itself al qaeda in the islamic maghreb aqim and carries out a. The origins of al qaedas ideology central intelligence agency. Alqaeda wikipedia bahasa indonesia, ensiklopedia bebas.
Al qaed a defec tor al fadl, who was a former member of qatar charity, testified in court tha t abdull ah mohammed yusef, who served a s qatar charity s director, was affiliat ed to al qaeda and simultaneously to the national islamic front, a political group th a t gave a l qaeda leader osama bin laden harbor in sudan in the early 1990s. The word wahhabi is derived from the name of a muslim scholar, muhammad bin abd al wahhab, who lived in the arabian peninsul a during the eighteenth century 17031791. Al qaedas relative impotence in the cyber realm likely reflects the experiences of its leaders and the groups history. Osama bin laden biography, alqaeda, terrorist attacks. Alqaeda arabic for the base is a worldwide sunni islamist militant insurgent group.
Al qaedas leading thinkers are steeped in these reformerslong struggle against the establishment. This study first examines how al qaeda has changed since september 11. Wahhabism is a puritanical form of sunni islam and is practiced in saudi arabia and qatar, although it is much less rigidly enforced in the latter. In his early statements, for example, osama bin laden adopted a pseudonationalist tone in directly addressing the. Al qaeda took credit for the attack on two black hawk helicopters during the battle of mogadishu in somalia in 1993, as well as the world trade center bombing in new york in.
The secret history of al qaeda by abdel bari atwan pdf, ebook. Al qaeda s organizational structure and its evolution article pdf available in studies in conflict and terrorism 3312. The role al qaeda plays in cyberterrorism lyda tesauro according to the united states department of state, al qaeda is a foreign terrorist organization under section 219 of the immigration and nationality act. But isis soon begins to feud with another al qaeda affiliate in syria, jabhat al nusra. The al qaeda reader should be required reading for any student of political science who wants to understand terrorism. Aqap has carried out violent jihadist attacks both domestically and internationally in service of al qaeda s ideology.
Al qaeda in yemen aqy was a militant islamist group based in yemen and the yemeni branch of the al qaeda aq franchise from 2000 until 2009 when it merged with its saudi counterpart to create al qaeda in the arabian peninsula aqap. Pdf the inner organizational structure of al qaeda within the expanded framework of the global jihad movement has been a subject of much debate. Over the last ten years, journalist and alqaida expert abdel bari atwan has cultivated uniquely wellplaced sources and amassed a wealth of information about. Exiled by the saudi regime, and later stripped of his citizenship in 1994, bin laden left afghanistan and set up operations in sudan, with the united states in his sights as. The emergence of al qaeda in the arabian peninsula aqap and the effectiveness of us counterterrorism efforts christopher m. An alqaeda affiliate case study zack gold with contributions from pamela g. It has included a number of bombing attacks in north africa and supporting parties in civil wars in eritrea and somalia. Al qaeda and the nature of religious terrorism mark sedgwick department of history, american university in cairo, cairo, egypt this article examines the nature of religious terrorism, principally with reference to al qaeda. In contemporary western discussions of the muslim world, it is com mon to hear calls for a reformation in islam as an antidote to al qaeda. Pdf al qaedas financial network history and development. History of al qaeda and terrorism against the usa 2. A comparative analysis of alqaeda and the islamic state is 5 the group has been linked to several high profile attacks. Al qaeda in yemen aqy was the yemeni affiliate of al qaeda, formed in 2000.
Ayman al zawahiri, its current leader, and his lieutenants have spent most of the. Al qaeda core, its affiliated groups, associated groups, and adherents, and how. Reviewing that history helps us understand both why al qaeda is so troubled and why it may remain a force to be reckoned with. This paper assesses current trends in terrorism and future potentialities. While al qaeda conducted one major attack every year prior to 911, al qaeda and its associated groups have conducted one attack every three months since 911. Between war and terrorism 363 francois gere 16 the united states confronting terrorism 398 arnaud blin 17 terrorism in southeast asiathreat and response 420 rohan gunaratna bibliography 435 contributors 445 index 447. Al qaeda took credit for the attack on two black hawk helicopters during the battle of mogadishu in somalia in 1993, as well as the world trade center bombing in new york in 1993, and a car. The original group headed by osama bin laden and ayman al zawahiri. The attached manual was located by the manchester england.
The jihadi threat isis, al qaeda, and beyond robin wright united states institute of peace woodrow wilson center j. The document, which has since been described by the fbi as the. The groups sudden commitment to al qaeda style global jihad should be taken with a grain of salt or, at the least, examined in light of its local history. Al qaeda digolongkan sebagai organisasi teroris internasional oleh amerika serikat, uni eropa, pbb, britania raya, kanada, australia, dan beberapa negara lain. Read download the secret history of al qaeda pdf pdf. Faulkner department of public and international affairs university of north carolina wilmington wilmington, nc 28403. Like revolutionary armies throughout history, alqaeda is pursuing a strategy of attrition. Al qaeda core, its affiliated groups, associated groups,and adherents, and how. It argues that a distinction must be made between the ultimate aims and. All despotic societies have been founded on fear, as have socalled totalitarian regimes in the modern era.
Al qaeda al qaeda training manual inside the terror. Although 911 was a high point for al qaeda terrorism, it also. In pa rticular, abd al wahhab denounced many popular. Founded by osama bin laden in 1988 in afghanistan, alqaeda is now dedicated to driving the united states out of the middle east specifically and out of muslim countries generally, to destroying israel, and to toppling prowestern governments in islamic countries and replacing them with islamic. The word wahhabi is derived from the name of a muslim scholar, muhammad bin abd al wahhab, who lived in the arabian peninsul a. The present report aims to address this gap through an analysis of the history and organizational relationships of the haqqani network, a single major constant that, for the entirety of al. The al qaeda movement has transformed in recent years. Al qaeda, for instance, recently announced to be acting in kashmir, increasing the possibilities of tension in that region even more2. Throughout history, power has more often than not been wielded through terrorthat is, by inciting fear. Zawahiri announces the union of al qaeda and the group for preaching and combat gspc, a militant salafi organization with roots in the algerian civil war. The following excerpts are from a document found by the police in manchester, england, during a search of an al qaeda members home. History of alqaeda and terrorism against the usa 2. The secret history of al qaeda reveals events in iraq and saudi arabia as watershed moments in the organizations evolution that are making it more dangerous by the day. Soviet war in afghanistan and the beginnings of al qaeda the true roots of osama bin ladens al qaeda network stem from the decadelong conflict that plagued.
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